"International macro-finance is a new area of open economy macroeconomics that brings portfolio choice and asset pricing considerations into models of international macroeconomics. The importance of these considerations-typically relegated to Finance and largely overlooked in traditional macroeconomics-for the international macroeconomy have been underscored by a series of recent financial crises and by unprecedented global imbalances. In this paper, we survey recent developments in this area, primarily on the theoretical front. We also suggest several promising directions for future research"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site
The paper deals with the problems of the structural field approach to the study of linguistic phenomena. The foundations for building a field theory in the grammatical structure of language were laid by V. G. Admoni in his works on the theoretical grammar of German. Effectively, the same approach can be applied to any language phenomena as it has a number of advantages over classifications involving the distribution of objects in the systems of level hierarchy. This paper demonstrates the advantages of the structural field approach and possibilities. The author's aim is to study the field of syntactic phraseological phenomena (phraseme constructions), identifying its core, centre, periphery, and adjacent fields, as well as describing the advantages of this method of studying linguistic phenomena. Phraseme constructions belong to the linguistic system and occupy an important place in the grammar of constructions. They are constantly reproduced and filled in speech with concrete vocabulary, stable syntactic models retrieved from memory not elementally, but entirely, and having idiomatic character (the meaning of the filled model cannot be deduced if one does not know the structure of the model and its meaning even before any filling). The properties, namely: polyelementality, reproducibility, stable syntactic structure, idiomaticity and fillability in speech, are indispensable characteristics of the phenomenon described herein: deprived of at least one of them, a phraseological construction ceases to be one. However, phraseme constructions have a larger, typical set of characteristics. In this paper, they are considered from the perspective of an increase and decrease in these characteristics, which allows us to study phraseological constructions as a field whose structure is determined by multiple axes. The structural field approach frees scholars from the need to make clear distinctions between linguistic phenomena with similar functionality on different levels if they have several, divergent typical, basic features of its concrete application through the example of the field of syntactic phraseology.
The paper deals with the problems of the structural-field approach to the study of linguistic phenomena. The foundations for building a field theory in the grammatical structure of language were laid by V. G. Admoni in his works on the theoretical grammar of German. Effectively, the same approach can be applied to any language phenomenon as it has a number of advantages over classifications involving the distribution of objects in systems of level hierarchy. The paper demonstrates the advantages and possibilities of the structural-field approach. It aims at studying the field of syntactic phraseological phenomena (phraseme constructions), identifying its core, centre, periphery, and adjacent fields. Phraseme constructions belong to the linguistic system and occupy an important place in construction grammar. They are constantly reproduced in spoken language and filled in with concrete vocabulary. They are stable syntactic models of idiomatic character that are retrieved from memory as whole entities rather than by separate units (the meaning of a filled model cannot be deduced without prior knowledge of its structure and its semantics per se). The properties, namely polyelementality, reproducibility, stable syntactic structure, idiomaticity, fillability in speech, are indispensable characteristics of the phenomenon described herein: deprived of at least one of them, a construction ceases to be a phraseme. However, phraseme constructions have a larger, typical set of characteristics. In this paper, they are viewed from the perspective of an increase and decrease of these characteristics, making the study of phraseological constructions as a field whose structure is determined by multiple axes possible. The structural-field approach waives the need to make clear distinctions between linguistic phenomena with similar functionality at different levels. The use of the field approach and its methodological advantages are explained through the example of the field of syntactic phraseology.
In recent decades there has been a reassessment of 19th century church culture. Consideration of the outstanding monuments of mural painting allows us to draw a conclusion about the outstanding character of the art of the Russian province. The relevance of the study of murals is connected with the total destruction of rural churches. The painting of the refectory in 1893 in the Annunciation Church in the village of Knyazhevo organically fits into the artistic context and continues the tradition of church monumental painting of the Bezhetsky region. On the example of the main cycle of subjects based on "The Beatitudes" the engravings-samples from the Bible by Christoph Weigel (1695) and compositions from various churches of Bezhetsky district are considered. Although engravings played a significant role, they did not hinder the independent development of art. The article analyses various variants of reproduction of graphic prototypes in mural painting. An assumption is made that local masters had a hitherto unknown prototype based on Weigel's engravings. Archaic prototypes were organically combined with more modern ones, both Russian and foreign. Eclecticism stylistics, professionalism of masters and a powerful local school allowed combining different directions into a single whole. Paintings were created in accordance with the forms of architecture. Ornamental design helped to organically arrange compositions on walls and vaults. The artistic culture of the Bezhetsky region proved to be so stable that it allowed to recycle recognisable prototypes and demonstrate a wide range of pictorial means for many decades until the end of the 19th century. For the first time, the author's diagram of the mural arrangement of the refectory is published.
The article examines the theoretical analysis and importance of psychological correctional work with parents in relation to their own family role, their parents' attitude to the child, which includes such indicators as optimal emotional contact, emotional distance with the child and excessive concentration on the child in a preschool educational institution. This article shows the results of conducting a primary study in an experimental group using the PARI (parental attitude instrument) technique by authors E.S. Schaefer and R.K. Bell. This technique explores the indicators of the parent's attitude to his family role and the child that interest us. After the correctional program, a repeated study was conducted in the same experimental group; with the indicators of the primary and repeated studies, a comparative analysis was made for changes in the indicators of attitude to the family role and the child, where their qualitative change is observed. The authors of the PARI methodology point out that the study of the attitude to one's own role in family life and the attitude to the child are intended primarily for mothers. The article presents a brief description of the correctional program, with the help of which a corrective effect was made on the attitude to the family role and the child in mothers of preschoolers 3-7 years old.
The article discusses issues revealing cognitive bases of stative formatting of knowledge about the world. In line with Cognitive Linguistics commitments and basic assumptions the paper highlights the problems pertaining to 1) a universal ability of human cognition to construe the world in language statively, 2) the principles and results of stative interpretation of knowledge about the world. Conveying the necessity of investigating a set of stative forms in language within the cognitive linguistics perspective, the article introduces a conception of stative formatting of knowledge about the world. Combining cognitive-matrix analysis of the stative concept with conceptual-configurative analysis of the category of linguistic stativity the study deciphers the structure and contents of stative concept in contemporary English. The elaborated conception contributes to the problem of ascribing possible ways of construing the world in language
We consider an economy populated by institutional investors alongside standard retail investors. Institutions care about their performance relative to a certain index. Our framework is tractable, admitting exact closed-form expressions, and produces the following analytical results. We find that institutions tilt their portfolios towards stocks that compose their benchmark index. The resulting price pressure boosts index stocks. By demanding more risky stocks than retail investors, institutions amplify the index stock volatilities and aggregate stock market volatility and give rise to countercyclical Sharpe ratios. Trades by institutions induce excess correlations among stocks that belong to their benchmark, generating an asset-class effect. (JEL G12, G23)
